Nuclear power plant simulation explosion

#Nuclear power plant simulation explosion code

In addition, the вЂњhard targetвЂќ characteristics of most nuclear-energy facilities make them challenging to destroy from the outside with the types of weapons terrorists are most likely to have at their disposal, namely rocket launchers, mortars, light aircraft packed with explosives, and hijacked airliners used as cruise missiles. Second, guard forces and other entry barriers complicate the task of terrorists seeking to penetrate a facility in order to try to blow it up or otherwise create a containment-breaching event from within.

First, multiple security barriers would need to be breached in order to generate a large release of radioactivity. Obstacles are in place to prevent successful attacks on civil nuclear-energy facilities. Destruction of an important piece of energy-supply infrastructure in the targeted country and the possibility that a successful attack would lead to the wholesale shutdown of nuclear-energy facilities around the world might be seen as collateral вЂњbenefitsвЂќ by terrorists. 31 The principal attraction of civil nuclear-energy facilities 32 as terrorist targets lies in the potential for creating a release of radioactivity large enough to produce significant casualties and land contamination. The possibility that civil nuclear-energy facilities might become targets for terrorists has been recognized since long before the attacks of September 11, 2001, on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. Tkatschenko, H.Threats to Civil Nuclear-energy Facilities

#Nuclear power plant simulation explosion code

Paillard, ICDERS 20, International Colloquium on the Dynamics of Explosions and Reactive Systems, MontrГ©al, 31 juillet - 5 aoГ»t 2005, Rapport DSR 101ДЄir-steam tests in the MISTRA facility: Experimental results and validation of the lumped-parameter/CFD TONUS code ()ДЄ. H2 gradient effect on premixed flame propagation in a vertical facility : ENACCEF ()ДЄ BentaГЇb, A. PaillГЁre2, 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE 14), Miami, Floride, USA, 17-20 juillet 2006, Rapport DSR 131 Van Dorsselaere, 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE 14), Miami, Floride, USA, 17-20 juillet 2006, Rapport DSR 132Д¬ontainment thermal-hydraulic simulations with an LP-CFD approach: qualification matrix of the TONUS code ()ДЄ. The development of severe accident codes at IRSN and their application to support the safety assessment of EPR ()Д¬. Caroli (2), (1) CEA Saclay, (2) IRSN/DSR, (3) IRSN/DSU, CFD4NRS Benchmarking of CFD codes for application to nuclear reactor safety, Garching, Munich, 5-7 septembre 2006, Rapport DSR 137 The TONUS CFD code for hydrogen risk analysis: physical models, numerical schemes and validation matrix () Coupling the two approaches (0D and 3D modules in the TONUS code) is one way of processing, at reasonable cost, areas expected to show a homogenous concentration or one beyond the flammability limits, using the lumped parameter approach, and areas with a more significant hydrogen risk, using the CFD approach. The CFD approach can compensate for this, but requires a far longer calculation time.

The lumped parameter approach does not cover all the flow conditions encountered in a reactor. Two modules use this approach: the first adopts a low-mach formulation resolved with the finite element method whereas the second is based on a compressible formulation and a numeric finite volume algorithm.

the multi-dimensional approach (Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)), which involves resolving localy containment thermohydraulic equations (multi-species Navier-Stokes equations) coupled with turbulent models, condensation models, combustion models, etc.

This approach is used for one of the code modules, The quantity movement conservation equation is not resolved, but approached by exchange terms between the compartments.

the multi-compartment approach (Lumped Parameter (LP)), which resolves mass and energy balance equations in control volumes called compartments (which may be fictitious).

TONUS is made up of three modules based on two different approaches: